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1947-1949: EDSAC, Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, electronic digital computer by Maurice Wilkes (Cambridge University), using numbering base of two and tubes with mercury. 1950: Silhouette of a Scottish Dancer, first artistic image in a computer screen (an oscilloscope), made by an anonymous operator in the EDSAC of Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University. John Mc Carthy (Stanford University), presented the Lisp programming language and the Mc Carthy Test for measuring Artificial Intelligence (playing games, following conversation, receiving information or performing other activities through a terminal). 1951: programme to play draughts, made by Christopher Strachey in the Mark I of Max Newman (not to confuse with John Von Neumann) at Manchester University. 1948: Manchester Mark I (not to confuse with Harvard Mark I), electronic digital computer using numbering base of two, phosphor screens and perforated paper tapes, by Max Newman (not to confuse with John Von Neumann). This project was modified by Eckert and Mauchly in order to accept big format magnetic tapes instead of perforated paper tapes, and for building it of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Successful with a few big corporations, research institutions or government agencies that could afford its price, the IBM 701 inaugurated a kind of electronic digital computers serially built and commercially marketed, which used transistors, perforated cards or paper tapes for input or output, and big format magnetic tapes for internal storage.

It has a few dialects (albeit not so many as Basic), what is billiards and it is portable to different computers. The series continued in later years with the IBM 702, IBM 704, IBM 709, IBM 790 and IBM 794. Cards and paper tapes gradually disappeared and were almost gone by the 1980's, but big format magnetic tapes continued in use in some big computers even after the year 2000. This IBM series covered a wider range of applications than had been covered by its computer predecessors (which had been mostly used for long mathematical calculations), in the sense that these IBM computers were also commonly used as for example electronic data bases, storing documents or other informations in electronic form. 1948: BINAC, first computer using magnetic tapes (of big format), by John Mauchly in collaboration with Presper Eckert. 1947-1951: UNIVAC I, Universal Automatic Computer I, by Presper Eckert with John Mauchly (Sperry Rand), in collaboration with John Von Neumann, marketed by the Univac Division of Remington Rand. 1948-1951: EDVAC, Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, electronic digital computer using numbering base of two, perforated cards and vacuum tubes, by Presper Eckert with John Mauchly and in collaboration with John Von Neumann. Initially it was used the big TX-0 computer, made of transistors and equipped with screen of cathodic ray tube and light pen.

1956: TEC, Transistor Experimental Computer, by the Massachussetts Institute of Technology. 1948: A Mathematical Theory of Communication, essay explaining how to apply the numbering base of two to computers, by Claude Shannon (Massachussetts Institute of Technology). Other chip producing companies were Fairchild, Texas Instruments (these two had begun earlier than Intel), Motorola, MOS Technology, Zilog, Signetics, Mostek, National, Hewlett-Packard, AMD, Cyrix and Nexgen, all of them North American. 1958-1959: integrated circuit with base of germanium, by Jack Saint Clair Kilby (Texas Instruments). OMS: a programming language for data banks used from the 1960's to the 1980's. Pascal: named in honour to Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), who in 1642-1647 built some units of the "Pascaline", machine of pinion wheels for adding, using numbering base of ten. Claude Shannon greatly influenced further development of computers using numbering base of two, and definitely provoked the demise of the numbering base of ten for nearly all advanced computers. They can execute ten to a hundredfold the speed of Basic, and about twofold that of C language or of Pascal. GASP: a simulation language. Short Order Code: the first scientific programming language, created by Mandy of Univac in 1949. Simscript: a simulation language. Simula: a simulation language.

1949: Short Order Code, by Mandy (Univac), first scientific programming language. Mumps, Massachussetts General Hospital's Utility Multi Programming System: a programming language, operating system and data bank created in 1966 in the main hospital of Massachussetts. 1960-1962: Space War, action game by Stephen Slug Russell, with Wayne Witanen and Martin Graetz, based on the Minskytron action game of Marvin Minsky, both programmes were created in the PDP-1 minicomputer of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology. 1959: Computer Sciences Corporation, created by Roy Nutt and Fletcher Jones. 1959: PDP-1, Programmed Data Processer-1, by Kenneth Olsen (Digital Equipment Corporation). In this computer was programmed the first action game (not counting computerised board games like draughts or chess): Mouse in the Labyrinth, by a teacher of the institution. The earliest references to the game in Europe occur in the 15th century. Another difference is the table for each game. The table and the cushioned rail bordering the table are topped with a feltlike tight-fitting cloth. There are various manners of doing this, one is by loading the executable into DDD (Data Display Debugger), or directly into GDB (the GNU Debugger).