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If the player knocks the 8 ball off the table, the player loses the game. If the player pockets the 8 ball and commits a foul or pockets it into another pocket than the one designated, the player loses the game. Following a foul, the incoming player has ball-in-hand anywhere on the table, unless the foul occurred on the break shot, as noted previously. On the break shot, no balls are pocketed and fewer than four balls reach the cushions, in which case the incoming player can demand a re-rack and take the break or force the original breaker to re-break, or may take ball-in-hand behind the head string and shoot the balls as they lie. One person is chosen by some predetermined method (e.g., coin toss, lag, or win or loss of previous game or match) to shoot first, using the cue ball to break the object-ball rack apart.

The table is "open" at the start of the game, meaning that either player may shoot at any ball. To start the game, the object balls are placed in a triangular rack. The rules of blackball differ from standard eight-ball in numerous ways, including the handling of fouls, which may give the opponent two shots, racking (the 8 ball, not the apex ball, goes on the spot), selection of which group of balls will be shot by which player, handling of frozen balls and snookers, and many other details. The base of the rack is parallel to the end rail (the short end of the pool table) and positioned so the apex ball of the rack is located on the foot spot. The balls in the rack are ideally placed so that they are all in contact with one another; this is accomplished by pressing the balls together toward the apex ball.

There are seven solid-colored balls numbered 1 through 7, seven striped balls numbered 9 through 15, an 8 ball, and a cue ball. Snooker is when there is no direct path between the cue ball and the ball you’re trying to hit. If any balls from a player's suit are on the table, the player must hit one of them first on every shot; otherwise a foul is called and the turn ends. The general rules of pool apply to eight-ball, such as the requirements that the cue ball not be pocketed and that a cushion be hit by any of the balls after the cue ball has struck an object ball. It has since become the most popular cue sport in China, and the major tournaments have some of the largest prize money in pool. Some leagues and tournaments using the World Standardized Rules may allow smaller sizes, what is billiards down to 7 by 3.5 ft (2.1 by 1.1 m). The rule has been increasingly adopted by amateur leagues. Meanwhile, many amateur leagues - such as the American Poolplayers Association (APA) and its affiliate the Canadian Poolplayers Association (CPA), the Valley National Eight-ball Association (VNEA) and the BCA Pool League (BCAPL) - use their own rulesets which have slight differences from WPA rules and from each other.

The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), the governing body of pool which has continental and national affiliates around the world, promulgates standardized rules as Pool Billiards - The Rules of Play. Internationally, the World Pool-Billiard Association and the World Eightball Pool Federation both publish rules and promote events. Competitive trick shot events, inspired by artistic billiards, began in the 1970s. Coordinated by world champion Paul Gerni with the World Trick Shot Artists Association, events were first held until 2000, when the World Pool-Billiard Association created the WPA World Artistic Pool Championship. Historians can't say for certain when the first game of pool or pocket billiards was played. Aiming involves aligning the cue ball’s path with the desired pocket. It is typically the only ball that makes contact with your pool cue and is used to knock the other object balls into the pool table pockets. The order of the balls should be random, with the exceptions of the 8-ball, which must be placed in the center of the rack (i.e., the middle of the third row), and the two back corner balls, one of which must be a stripe and the other a solid. Otherwise (i.e., if the 8 ball is neither pocketed nor knocked off the table), the shooter's turn is simply over, even if a foul occurs.