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Patients, in many cases years after the initial diagnosis, and we are thus obliged to accept that there might be a recall bias. On the other hand, this case-control study contains a very well defined and ethnically homogeneous population that strengthens the associations noted. Furthermore the 4CzIPN ethnical distribution of the genetic variation in our study group is consistent with the distribution in HapMap-CEU population (rs2228243) [36], a population with similar geographic origin. Additional studies are though needed to further confirm our results as well as investigate the exact pathophysiological mechanism by which HRG variants are associated to recurrent miscarriage. In conclusion, our results indicate an important role for HRG A1042G SNP in early pregnancy. It is shown PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/744568 that women who are heterozygous carriers of the HRG A1042G SNP suffer from recurrent miscarriage more seldom than homozygous carriers. Thus, analysis of the HRG A1042G SNP might be of importance for individual counseling regarding miscarriage.Abbreviations ACOG: American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; ASRM: American society for reproductive medicine; ESHRE: European society of human reproduction and embryology; HRG: Histidine rich glycoprotein; NVOG: Dutch society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; RCOG: Royal college of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions EE performed the statistical analysis and interpretation of results, drafted, edited and reviewed the manuscript. KEL assisted in data analysis and in drafting the PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3081428 manuscript. HK, FH, KB, BML and LSS participated in the design of the study and acquisition of data. ASE participated in the design of the study, acquisition of data and in drafting the manuscript. AS assisted in data analysis, interpretation of data and in drafting the manuscript. ISP supervised the study, assisted in data analysis, interpretation of data and in drafting the manuscript. H?conceived of the study, participated in its design, assisted in the statistical analysis and interpretation of data, drafted, edited and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The study was funded by grants provided by the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Family Planning Foundation in Uppsala, Sweden; the Uppsala- ebro Regional Research Council, Sweden; the Centrum Ethyl (4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbamate hydrochloride for Clinical Research in V mland, Sweden; Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggm tare, Stockholm, Swedenand the Swedish Research Council (grant numbers D0277902 and D0277901). The authors would like to thank Christine Sund-Lundstr at the department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University for valuable technical assistance. Author details 1 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 2Centre for Clinical Research, V mland County Council, Karlstad, Sweden. 3Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 4 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Received: 7 April 2014 Accepted: 18 July 2014 Published: 27 July 2014 References 1. Stirrat GM: Recurrent miscarri.